When the excitement of revival subsided how had the original ideals of a Holy Commonwealth and a pure Church been changed for better and for worse?
In the aftermath of the Awakening what had New England churches been awakened from, and what new spiritual landscape had they been awakened to?. Published: Puritans in the New World: a critical anthology Published: The journey to the Mayflower: God's outlaws and the invention of freedom by: Tomkins, Stephen, et al.
Gwilym, et al. Published: Puritan spirituality: illustrated from the life and times of the Rev. Published: more. International congregational journal. Erlendson, Norm. The debates that raged over revival were, in part, debates over order. Revivalists also undermined the relationship between church and state by speaking against the official churches.
For example, when Presbyterian minister Gilbert Tennent called for true Christians to leave behind their ministers and join the dissenting church, he was challenging the monopoly of the established church. More than anything, the revivals threatened the power of the established churches as Congregational and Anglican ministers denounced the new, dissenting denominations.
In particular, the eighteenth-century revivals led religious dissenters such as the Baptists and Methodists to challenge the authority of the established churches in several states and thus set the stage for the flowering of religious liberty. The evangelical ethos of civil and religious liberty clearly contributed to the rhetoric and ideology of the Revolutionary movement.
An important moment in the fabrication of the Great Awakening occurred in , with the publication of the first history of the revivals. Gillies explained his editorial method as one of piecing together accounts of local revivals into a coherent whole.
As a result, when Prince received the almost two dozen narratives of local revivals, they bore a striking similarity, one to the other. It is not surprising that, when Gillies arranged his facts, they fit together and suggested a cohesive movement. Tracy, an historian and evangelical, wrote his account to inspire other evangelicals of his day to work for and expect a glorious revival that would rival the documented awakening of one hundred years earlier.
Nonetheless, the Great Awakening has found a permanent place in American religious history and continues to evoke profound disagreements over its meaning and even its reality. Use Handout A: Point-Counterpoint Graphic Organizer to answer historical reasoning questions about this point-counterpoint. Kidd, Thomas S. Boston: Bedford Books, New Haven: Yale University Press, In many ways, religion was becoming more formal and less personal during this time, which led to lower church attendance.
Christians were feeling complacent with their methods of worship, and some were disillusioned with how wealth and rationalism were dominating culture. Many began to crave a return to religious piety. Around this time, the 13 colonies were religiously divided. Most of New England belonged to congregational churches. Southern colonies were mostly members of the Anglican Church , but there were also many Baptists, Presbyterians and Quakers. The stage was set for a renewal of faith, and in the late s, a revival began to take root as preachers altered their messages and reemphasized concepts of Calvinism.
Calvinism is a theology that was introduced by John Calvin in the 16th century that stressed the importance of scripture, faith, predestination and the grace of God. Most historians consider Jonathan Edwards, a Northampton Anglican minister, one of the chief fathers of the Great Awakening. He also preached justification by faith alone.
Edwards was known for his passion and energy. He generally preached in his home parish, unlike other revival preachers who traveled throughout the colonies. George Whitefield, a minister from Britain, had a significant impact during the Great Awakening.
Whitefield toured the colonies up and down the Atlantic coast, preaching his message. In one year, Whitefield covered 5, miles in America and preached more than times. His style was charismatic, theatrical and expressive. Whitefield would often shout the word of God and tremble during his sermons. People gathered by the thousands to hear him speak. Whitefield preached to common people, slaves and Native Americans. No one was out of reach. The Great Awakening brought various philosophies, ideas and doctrines to the forefront of Christian faith.
Not everyone embraced the ideas of the Great Awakening. One of the leading voices of opposition was Charles Chauncy, a minister in Boston. By about , debate over the Great Awakening had split the New England clergy and many colonists into two groups.
In the s, another religious revival, which became known as the Second Great Awakening, began in New England.
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