Can intubation cause pneumonia

Likely pathogens differ from those causing community-acquired pneumonia and often require initial empiric antibiotic therapy that is active against antibiotic-resistant organisms. Diagnosis is difficult, with culture of a potential pathogen from pleural fluid or blood being the most specific finding.

Reassess patients 2 to 3 days after initiation of treatment, and change antibiotics based on available culture and clinical data. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community.

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More Content. Click here for Patient Education. Septic shock at time of VAP. Chest x-ray and clinical criteria limited accuracy.

Empirically chosen antibiotics active against resistant organisms. Local sensitivity patterns. Doses depend on renal function see table Usual Doses of Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics Usual Dosages of Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics[a] Antibacterial drugs are derived from bacteria or molds or are synthesized de novo. Linezolid or vancomycin.

The endotracheal tube also enhances bacterial entry to the lung by serving as a reservoir for bacteria to remain sequestered, safe from host defenses. Respiratory therapy devices can allow bacteria to proliferate and can then introduce them into the patient if not handled properly.

Finally, patients who are ill enough to require intubation also have disease-associated impairments in systemic host defense, which add to the impairments caused by the use of an artificial airway. The host defense impairments that occur in mechanically ventilated patients can lead to respiratory tract infection in the form of either febrile tracheobronchitis or pneumonia. The diagnosis of pneumonia in intubated patients is difficult and controversial.

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You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Wendy Zai. Reprints and Permissions. Kalanuria, A. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU. Crit Care 18, Download citation. Published : 18 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Pathogenesis The complex interplay between the endotracheal tube, presence of risk factors, virulence of the invading bacteria and host immunity largely determine the development of VAP.